Loom for weaving endless and jointless fabrics



(No Model.) I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1,

D. FILE-PPI. LOOM FOR WEAVING ENDLESS AND JOINTLESS FABRIGS. No.502,182.

Patented July 25, 1893.

(No Modeh) J 2 She6 t'sS heet 2. I 1). PILE-PPI. a

I LOOMFOR WEAVING ENDLESS AND JOINTLESS FABRICS. v I

No. 502,182; I PatBnte'd JuIy 25,1893.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DOMENIOO FILEPPI, OF PATERSON, NEW JERSEY.

LOOM FOR WEAVING ENDLESS AND JOINTLESS FABRICS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 502,182, dated July 25,1893.

Application filed March 25, 1893. Serial No.467,582. (N0 model.)Patented in France November d, 1887, No. 186,770 in England August16,1888,No.11,826; in Germany August 16. 1888, No. 46,121, and in ItalySeptember 27,1888, No. 24,117.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DOMENIOO FILEPPI, a subject of the King of Italy,residing at Paterson, in the county of Passaic and State ofNewJersey,haveinvented certain newand useful Improvements in Looms forWeaving Endless and J ointless Fabrics, (for which I have obtainedLetters Patent in France, dated November 4, 1887, No. 186,770; inEngland, dated August 16, 1888, No. 11,826; in Germany, dated August 16,1888, No. 46,121, and in Italy, dated September 27, 1888, No. 24,117,)and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to an improved apparatus for weaving endless andjointless fabrics, and its novelty will be fully understood from thefollowing description and claims when taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings in which- Figure l is a side elevation of myimproved apparatus upon which the warp and the healds are formedprevious to being placed upon a loom. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of thesame. Fig. 3 is a detail front elevation of the comb or reed comprisedin said apparatus. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of one of the teeth ofsaid comb. Fig. 5 is a similar View of oneof the spacing plates. Fig. 6is a side elevation of aloom upon which the weaving process is carriedout. Fig. 7 is a view of the carding or pattern of a plaited draft andtie of two and three threads respectively. Fig. 8, is a detail View,illustrating the manner of forming the healds, and Fig. 9, is a Viewillustrating the manner of using the comb to form the shed.

In order to impart a full understanding of my improved method I willdescribe the same in conjunction with the apparatus shown in thedrawings, referring by letter to which, A, indicates the main frame ofmyimproved apparatus upomwhich the warp and healds are formed. Thisframe A, comprises the uprights or standards a, and the longitudinal,vertically disposed side bars b, as shown. These side bars I), aredesigned and adapted to support the rollers B, and O, and theypreferably comprise two sections which are adjustably connected togetheras illustrated so as to permit of the distance between said rollersbeing lengthened when it is desired to stretch the warp. A third rollerD, is employed in conjunction with the rollers B, and O, and it ispreferably mounted upon ledges c, projecting from one of the standardsat, below the roller B, as illustrated.

The roller C, is provided,as better illustrated in Fig. 2, with aperipheral kerf or groove d, which is designed to seat my im proved combor reed E. This comb or reed E, which is better illustrated in Figs. 3to 5, is preferably formed from metal and it comprises a frame 6,aseries of equi-distant teeth f, formed integral with or seated in thebase bar of the frame, a series of fillings of solder or the like g,which are arranged in the alternate spaces between the teeth and extendabove the base of the frame about the proportional distance illustrated,one or more removable spindles h, which take through the uprights of theframe 6, and the several teeth f, and are secured by nuts or othersuitable devices, and a series of spacing plates i,which are mountedupon the spindles h, and are arranged between the teeth so as toproperly space the same. The spindles h, are made removable, so that thecomb or reed may be opened to receive the warp thread as presentlydescribed, but the comb is not weakened by reason of such spindles beingremovable, inasmuch as when they are replaced together with the plates1', and tightened, a comb is afforded for practical weaving purposes,equally as strong if not stronger than a comb in which the parts arefixedly connected together.

To form the warp upon the apparatus just described, the comb is openedby removing the spindles h, and the plates '6, and is placed in the kerfor groove of the roller 0, as illus trated. The warp thread, which ofnecessity, must be continuous is then carried through the first space ofthe comb or reed, past the registering sticks j, around the rollers 13,and D, and through the second space of the comb and so on until everyspace of the comb, or so many as may be required, is occupied; carebeing taken in laying the threads to prevent them from crossing eachother. The registering sticks j, are inserted between the warp threadsin such a manner that each thread passes over one of the rods and underthe other alternately, as shown. Thus a cross or lease is formed by thethreads between the two rods, which not only keeps the threadsin theirrelative position and parallel to each other, but enables the weaver toreadily detect any broken thread.

While the warp is being formed as above described, the healds are alsoformed as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 8. For this purpose the lower leaf Z,of the first heald and its spindle a, are placed at one side of the warpthread, and the upper leaf L,and its spindle d, on the other side. Thesecond heald is similarly arranged; its lower leaf Z and its spindle abeing placed on one side of the warp thread, and its upper leaf L andspindle b on the opposite side thereof. Both the spindles and leaves ofthe healds may be supported in any approved manner, and as such supportforms no part of my invention, I have not deemed it necessary toillustrate the same. The leaves and spindles of the healds being inposition, we will suppose, for simplicitys sake,that the cloth draft andtie are employed, and that the lower parts or meshes of the healds havebeen formed upon the leaves and spindles Z, to, Z a At the first whirlor coil of the warp thread, the operator will pass it between the twospindles a,b', and will place it just against thefirst mesh or lowerpart of the first heald. Then, with this first mesh and by means of aspecial thread he forms a second mesh on the rail L, and spindle b. Thismesh embraces the warp thread and constitutes the upper part of thefirst heald. At the second whirl or coil of the warp thread, theoperator passes the warp thread between the spindles (t Z1 of the secondleaf, and by repeating the previous operation, he forms a meshconstituting the upper part of the second heald. WVith the third whirlor coil, he begins again on the first leaf and so on. Thus as thewarping proceeds, the healds are form ed as required.

I would have it understood that instead of employing two leaves asdescribed, a greater number might be used, and any known draft and tiemight be employed. When the formation of the warp and healds iscompleted, the spindles a, 1), a 15 are withdrawn, the comb E, is closedand tightened and together with the warp and healds is placed inposition in the loom illustrated in Fig. 6. This loom is provided withfive (more or less) rollers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, which are removable inorder to permit of the ready placement of the warp, and the said loom isalso provided with mechanism for raising and loweringthehealds andforming the shed, which mechanism may be of the ordinary or any approvedconstruction. The loom is also provided with a frame to support thecomb, which frame has its upper and lower cross bars made removable sothat the comb may be readily removed when necessary, as will bepresently described.

In addition to the above, the loom is provided with a mechanism foradjusting the roller 5, in a horizontal plane whereby it will be seenthat the warp may be readily stretched or tightened when desired.

When the warp, comb or reed and the healds are placed in theloom asshown in Fig. 6, the weaving of the Weft may be proceeded with in theusual manner until there remains but a small space between the ends ofthe woven part, when the healds being unable to separate the threadssufficiently to permit the passage of the ordinary shuttles, smallershuttles must be employed. Finally the use of the healds must beabandoned and when this is necessary I prefer to cut the strings awayfrom the upper laths, and thus preserve the lower portions of saidstrings or leaves for further use. After the use of the healds has beendiscontinued, the comb or reed may be employed to form the shed in thefollowing manner, viz: The solder fillings between the teeth of the combrest beneath the alternate warp threads, for example the even numberedthreads, and these threads normally lie at a lower level than the oddthreads by reason of being separated therefrom by means of anillterposed needle "01- bar 27, which is passed across through the warp.This needle orbar 27, is employed when the use of the healds isdiscontinued. The shuttle is first passed above the even and below theodd threads, and the former are then raised above the latter by means ofthe solder fillings of the comb, and the shuttle again passed, in thiscase above the odd and below the even. The even threads are now allowedto drop to their original position by lowering the comb when the shuttlemay again be passed above the even and below the odd threads, and so onin regular sequence, until a very small space remains between the endsof the woven part. The spindles h, of the comb together with the spacingplates t', are now withdrawn and the lower bar of the comb supportingframe being removed, the comb is allowed to fall out of engagement withthe warp. After the comb has been removed or disengaged from the warp asjust described, the weft may be passed through the warp by a needle orthe like and the endless fabric finished in this way.

It will be readily understood that all kinds of draft and tie can beemployed for theweaving operation, but it must also be added that it isabsolutely necessary that the warping be formed with only one continuousthread so that no crossing of the warp thread occurs when both ends ofthe fabric are joined. This is an important point as the cloth producedcan be employed without,the difficulties attending the use of fabric,the ends of which are joined together. Nevertheless the fabrics can beused without difficulty even if the warping has been formed with severalthreads, the condition being that each thread must always be continuous.There is however one exception. If plaited draft and tie be ITS employedseveral threads can be used instead of one, according to the number ofthe draft and tie. Thus with a plaited draft and tie of two, two threadswill be employed; with a plaited draft and tie of three, three threads,&c. But it is always necessary for the threads to be continuous and thewarp endless.

It will be readily understood that a fabric woven as just described willbe endless, and as a matter of course will'be of an even thickness andaspect throughout, which is highly desirable as is obvious. 4

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, 1s

' 1. In an apparatus for weaving endless and jointless fabrics, a combor reed comprising a frame, a series of teeth, and fillings of solder orother material resting in the alternate 20 spaces between the teeth andextending from the base to an intermediate point in the length thereof,substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In an apparatus for weaving an endless fabric, a comb or reedcomprising a frame, a series of teeth, fillings of solder or othermaterial resting in the alternate spaces between the teeth and extendingfrom the base to an intermediate point in thelength thereof, spacingplates arranged between the teeth, and a removable spindle takingthrough the frame and the teeth adjacent to the upper ends thereof; thesaid spindle being adapted to be DoMENIoo FILEPPI.

Witnesses:

CHARLES BERTOLINO, GUISEPPE OoNTI.

